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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people suffering from ADHD are prescribed medication. It can ease symptoms but it can also trigger side effects. Consult your physician when you experience any side effects. Stimulants are the most common type of prescription medication that healthcare doctors prescribe for ADHD. These medicines increase levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters that control attention and behaviour. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice used to treat ADHD in children and adults. It works by enhancing the activity in brain regions that regulate attention and behavior. Methylphenidate can also be used to treat other conditions such as narcolepsy. It can help those suffering from Narcolepsy remain awake throughout the day and improve their ability to focus and pay attention. This medication has a high abuse potential and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency. Following the exact dosage prescribed will reduce the risk for abuse and also other side effects. Methylphenidate can trigger psychotic symptoms in certain people. It may also worsen the behavior and tics of some people with bipolar disorder or Tourette's syndrome. Before starting this medication, patients with these conditions should consult their doctor. It is important to inform your doctor if you have any other health concerns or are sensitive to any food or dyes (such as tartrazine, which is a yellow dye that is found in processed foods and in some medications; if you're taking Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate can interact with certain medications, such as opioid medicines such as antidepressants, antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) Methylene blue, Phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect) selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), or tranylcypromine (Parnate). It's also important to stay clear of drinking alcohol or other stimulant drugs when taking methylphenidate. These drugs can cause a negative effect on your heart rate or blood pressure. The methylphenidate tablets that are immediate-release (Ritalin) as well as the long-acting oral disintegrating capsule and chewable tablet (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla-XR -ODT) as well as chewable tablets with a long-acting mechanism (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla-XR-ODT), contain phenylalanine. It can be a risk if a genetic condition known as phenylketonuria occurs. Bupropion Bupropion, an antidepressant drug works on the brain and improves mood. It also reduces symptoms of ADHD. It is also used for depression and seasonal depression (SAD) which can occur in the winter months of fall and winter. It is also used to aid people in quitting smoking cigarettes by reducing cravings for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. Bupropion has been found to reduce ADHD symptoms in adults in several studies. The fixed effect RR pooled for improvements in week 6 (using the criteria of a clinically significant improvement of 30% or greater on the CGI) is 1.14 (95%CI 0.95-1.37). For the overall response, this equals 52% of the bupropion group and 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion can have serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions with various drugs, including sedatives antidepressants and some blood pressure medications. It can also increase the risk of seizures for those with a history of high blood pressure or seizures. It is contraindicated in certain medical conditions and women who are nursing or pregnant should not take it. Bupropion is available under the brand-name medication Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (abbreviated TCAs) are a group of medications that affect the brain's chemical. They were among the first antidepressants developed. Although they are not used as a first line treatment for depression anymore but they can be effective for certain people. They inhibit the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline, thereby increasing their availability in neurons. They are also useful in relieving a number of other ailments, such as pain syndromes and enuresis such as fibromyalgia, the phantom leg syndrome. TCAs are effective for ADHD symptoms, whether they are administered on their own or with stimulants. They can improve core symptoms and may decrease anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. In addition, they could assist in reducing disorders like tics, which are repeated and uncontrollable sounds or movements, such as throat clearing or blinking. TCAs can cause side effects, such as dry mouth, sedation, and constipation. They also increase the risk of developing cardiovascular issues. They can also negatively interact with other medications like anticholinergics, and should not be used by women who are pregnant. They are also known to cause teratogenic reactions in animals and they can cross the placenta. If you have any concerns consult your physician for advice, as there are more modern antidepressants with a safer side-effect profile. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) The SSRIs are a type of antidepressants that hinder serotonin reuptake in neurons and increase the amount of serotonin for signaling. They also reduce anxiety and reduce impulsive behaviors. They are used to treat adhd because they can assist some people with their symptoms and are effective when used in conjunction with other medications. Examples of SSRIs include paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, and citalopram. They exhibit linear pharmacokinetics and have a lower clearance from the human body. However, they are extensively processed by CYP450 enzymes within the liver. This results in variable blood levels. These medications are also prescribed to treat various disorders, such as major depressive disorder, bulimia nervosa, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The SSRIs fluoxetine and escitalopram and sertraline are able to reduce PTSD fundamental symptoms. They don't appear to be effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs may cause an uncommon side effect that can cause sexual dysfunction. It is crucial to discuss this with your doctor if are considering taking one of these drugs. Many people have to try various types of ADHD medications before settling on the one that suits them. Medications are constantly being developed and tested. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you take. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). If stimulant medications don't work for adults suffering from ADHD doctors typically prescribe an antidepressant, also known as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). These medications increase the levels of two brain chemicals known as serotonin and norepinephrine. adhd and medication help improve mood and reduce depression and anxiety. SNRIs are similar to TCAs, but they are less risky and have less side effects. They are used to treat many ailments, including anxiety disorders and chronic pain, such as fibromyalgia and nerve pain. They are also sometimes utilized as an additional treatment for depression. The SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine, (Effexor). They work by preventing the absorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine which is a natural process that occurs in the brain following neurotransmission. This results in a larger-than-normal phasic release of norepinephrine. The rise in levels of norepinephrine enhances mood and focus. Although SNRIs aren't endorsed by the FDA to treat ADHD Some doctors do use them as a substitute for stimulants. They are typically taken as pills. However they can also be taken in liquid form or as patches. The FDA approved a oral SNRI called viloxazine, or Qelbree for treating ADHD among children and adolescents in April 2021. It is not a controlled medication because it does not have the potential to be abused. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that alter the levels of norepinephrine as well as serotonin in the brain. They are used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, but they can aid in the treatment of symptoms of ADHD. A number of studies have proven that SNRI medications, such as venlafaxine and duloxetine, can significantly lower the scores of various ADHD questionnaires. SNRIs may increase blood pressure or interact with other medications. Therefore, it is important to consult with a physician prior to taking these drugs. Additionally, improperly handled medication could cause harm to people and animals. It is therefore essential to follow the proper disposal instructions. SSRIs or SNRIs have not been approved by the FDA for treating ADHD However, doctors may prescribe them off-label. They are safe, effective, and have less adverse effects than stimulants. Talk with your doctor about your child's symptoms and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these drugs. SNRIs may increase the body's levels of serotonin and norepinephrine however, they are not appropriate for all. For instance women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not use SNRIs as they may be absorbed into breast milk. Also, they should not be taken by those with high blood pressure, liver issues, or other cardiovascular conditions. Selective dopamine Reuptake inhibitors (DARPIs) Many people who suffer from ADHD discover that medication can help improve their focus and attention. Some individuals may also notice a reduction in impulsive behavior. The treatment is usually paired with behavior therapy and skills training, which aid people to manage their symptoms. It takes time to determine the right medication and dose for each person. In this process, doctors monitor physical reactions to determine the right balance of benefits and adverse effects. Drugs that stimulate the brain, like methylphenidate, boost the activity of certain brain chemical that control memory and concentration. They are generally safe and beneficial for the majority of people, but they can have serious side consequences, such as decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping. These effects usually go away within several weeks as your body adjusts to the medication. Adults and children alike can use non-stimulant drugs. They take longer to start working, but they do increase concentration and control of impulses. They may include alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists (atomoxetine viloxazine) and guanfacine hydrochloride. Antidepressants are also effective in treating ADHD. They can increase norepinephrine which is a neurotransmitter within the brain that aids in impulsive behaviors and depression. Bupropion, an antidepressant, has been used to treat ADHD. It was prescribed “off-label” however, drug companies developed extended-release versions, and the FDA approved the use of it as an treatment.